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Contact tracing involves multiple steps, including case investigation of COVID-19 clients, notification of close contacts, and daily monitoring of close contacts. This process can be labor-intensive, and communities have different circumstances that affect contact tracing activities.
CDC and partners are using contact tracing to identify new Ebola cases quickly, which increases patients’ chances of survival, and to isolate patients as soon as they show symptoms, which prevents spread to others. Even one missed contact can mean Ebola will continue to spread because sick people need care from others.
Each patient with Ebola can have 10 or more contacts, all of whom need to be monitored for 21 days. “If you skip just one day, it might be the day the contact comes down with Ebola and a whole new chain of Ebola transmission can start all over again,” Neil said.
Because the natural reservoir host of Ebola has not yet been identified, we don’t know for sure how the virus spreads to humans at the start of an outbreak. However, scientists believe that the first patient becomes infected through some kind of contact with an infected animal, such as a fruit bat or primate (apes and monkeys).